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Journal of Electron Microscopy 48(5): 537-544 (1999)
© 1999 Oxford University Press

In-situ etching observation of human teeth in acid agent by atomic force microscopy

Fumio Watari

Department of Dental Materials and Engineering, Hokkaido University School of Dentistry Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan E-mail: watari{at}den.hokudai.ac.jp

Atomic force microscopy was applied to the in-situ observation of the etching process of human teeth by acid agents. The change of surface morphology was observed consecutively before and during etching for the same area in the same specimen. The course of the etching process in enamel from dissolution of smear layer just after injection of acid agent, appearance of enamel prisms and progress of demineralization were quantitatively analysed for three fundamental acid agents of 2% phosphoric acid, 10% citric acid and 10% polyacrylic acid. Then the depth profile, etching amount, etching rate and thickness of smear layer were evaluated. Observation by scanning electron microscopy was also done and compared with the results by atomic force microscopy.

Keywords     atomic force microscope, in-situ observation, tooth, etching, surface roughness, depth profile

Received     28 January 1999, accepted 23 June 1999


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