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Journal of Electron Microscopy 52(6): 527-533 (2003)
© Japanese Society of Microscopy

Full-length paper

Regulatory mechanism of osteoclast activation

Ichiro Nakamura1,2,*, Gideon A. Rodan3 and Le T. Duong3

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 2 Department of Rheumatology, Yugawara Kosei-nenkin Hospital, 438 Miyakami, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa 259-0314, Japan and 3 Department of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Ichiclast{at}aol.com

Abstract

Osteoclasts are multinucleated, terminally differentiated cells which play an essential role in bone resorption. Osteoclasts exhibit high expression of the {alpha}vß3 integrin, which binds to a variety of extracellular matrix proteins, including vitronectin, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. RGD (Aug-Gly-Asp)-containing peptides, RGD-mimetics and blocking antibodies to {alpha}vß3 integrin were shown to inhibit bone resorption in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this integrin plays an important role in regulating osteoclast function. A number of signalling molecules were found to be involved in the {alpha}vß3 integrin-dependent signalling pathway, including c-Src, Pyk2 and p130Cas. Both Pyk2 and p130Cas localize to the sealing zone of actively resorbing osteoclasts, suggesting their role in linking the adhesion of osteoclasts to the bone matrix, to cytoskeletal organization, and to the polarization and activation of these cells for bone resorption. In this article, we review the regulatory mechanism of osteoclast activation.

Keywords     osteoclast, {alpha}vß3 integrin, c-Cbl, c-Src, Pyk2, p130Cas

Received     20 August 2003, accepted 9 October 2003


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