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Journal of Electron Microscopy Advance Access originally published online on April 18, 2006
Journal of Electron Microscopy 2006 55(1):41-49; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfl002
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The thermogenic center in social wasps

Jacob S. Ishay1,*, Marian Plotkin1, Natalya Y. Ermakov1, Stanislav Volynchik1, Zahava Barkay2 and David J. Bergman3

1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
2 Wolfson Applied Material Research Center, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
3 School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: physio7{at}post.tau.ac.il

In the social wasps Vespa orientalis and Paravespula germanica (Hymenoptera, Vespinae), a thermogenic center has been found in the dorsal part of the first thoracic segment. The temperature in this region of the prothorax is higher by 6–9°C than that at the tip of the abdomen, and this in actively flying hornets outside the nest (workers, males or queens) as well as in hornets inside the nest that attend to the brood in the combs. On viewing the region from the outside, one discerns a canal or rather a fissure in the cuticle, which commences at the center of the dorsal surface of the prothorax and extends till the mesothorax. Thus the length of this canal or fissure is ~5–7 mm and it is seen to contain numerous thin hairs whose shape varies from that of the hairs alongside the structure. Beneath the cuticle in this region there are dorsoventral as well as longitudinal muscles in abundance, much the same as the musculature in the remaining thoracic segments (i.e. the meso- and metathorax), which activate the two pairs of wings. The canal-bearing segment is of course devoid of wings, and its dorsoventral muscles are attached to the cuticle, which in this region resembles a bowl harboring several layers of epithelium that boasts numerous butterfly-shaped tracheal branches. Additionally there are layers that display lymph-filled spaces and also perforated layers and depressions, and beneath all these is a lace-like layer that also coats the cuticle's hollows. Underneath the cuticle proper, there are numerous large mitochondria and tracheae, which occupy a considerable part of the cuticular epithelium surface. These abundant mitochondria are, most probably, the main element of heat production in the thermogenic center.

Keywords     social wasps, thermogenic center, temperature cascade, IR thermography, HR-SEM

Received     16 November 2005, accepted 3 February 2006


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