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Journal of Electron Microscopy Advance Access originally published online on October 18, 2006
Journal of Electron Microscopy 2006 55(4):191-200; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfl025
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The wrap-around problem and optimal padding in the exit wave reconstruction using HRTEM images

F. Lin1, F. R. Chen2, Q. Chen1, D. Tang3 and L.-M. Peng1,*

1 Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871, China
2 Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Center for Electron Microscopy HsinChu 30043, Taiwan, China
3 FEI Company, Building AAE Achtseweg Noord 5, PO Box 218, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lmpeng{at}pku.edu.cn

A free fast Fourier transform software FFTW (www.fftw.org) is used in the exit wave reconstruction and shown to be able to handle images of any size effectively. The wrap-around problem commonly encountered in the exit wave reconstruction is investigated, and a new padding scheme is proposed and its performance is investigated. It is shown that while the usual wrap-around problem may be solved via padding the input high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images with zero or averaged image intensities, the reconstructed exit wave at its boundary is inevitably distorted by the discontinuity of image intensities at the boundary. The proposed new padding scheme is shown to be able to provide a good estimate of the image intensities immediately outside the boundaries of the HRTEM images, reducing the estimated image intensity discontinuity across the boundaries and therefore providing a larger undistorted view of the exit wave.

Keywords     exit wave reconstruction, optimal padding, wrap-around problem

Received      2 February 2006, accepted 2 September 2006


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