Journal of Electron Microscopy Advance Access originally published online on January 4, 2007
Journal of Electron Microscopy 2006 55(6):289-300; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfl035
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Eye ultrastructure in the pollen-feeding beetle, Xanthochroa luteipennis (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia: Oedemeridae)
1 International University Bremen (from February 2007 Jacobs University), School of Engineering and Science, Research II Campus Ring 6; D-28759 Bremen, Germany
2 University of Oulu, Department of Biology (Zoological Museum) POBox 3000, SF-90014 OULU, Finland
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: b.meyer-rochow{at}iu-bremen.de
The pollen-consuming beetle Xanthochroa luteipennis, which belongs to the family Oedemeridae, possesses a nearly spherical eye of
400 µm in diameter. The eye contains 750800, mostly hexagonal ommatidia, which are of the acone apposition type and have an open rhabdom. A well-developed pupil mechanism controls the light flux to the rhabdom. The pupil is formed with the help of screening pigment translocations, involving primary and secondary (accessory) pigment cells. Cross-sections of rhabdoms reveal that they are developed as ring-like structures, made up of the rhabdomeres of six retinula cells, surrounding a rod-like inner column of two fused rhabdomeres. Rhabdoms of ommatidia in the middle of the eye differ somewhat from those in more peripheral areas. In the former the central rhabdom is circular in cross-section, while in the latter it is spindle-shaped. The rhabdom organization in combination with the distal pupil mechanism is seen as an adaptation to maximize photon capture under a variety of ambient light intensities, for Oedemerid beetles are commonly active during the day as well as the night.
Keywords compound eye, vision, retina, pupil mechanism, open rhabdom, blister beetles
Received 27 September 2006, accepted 21 November 2006